What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with?
printing with movable type
Post a photo of the Gutenberg Press.
How did the printing press work?
ink was rolled over the movable hand set of black letters that pressed against a piece of paper
What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?
his love for reading
Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type?
the woodcuts were not durable enough
Post an example of movable type in a type case.
What is moveable type?
system of printing that uses moveable components to reproduce the elements of a document
What is a matrix?
hard metal hammered into softer copper bar, the placed in a mold and created to make all the letters more uniform
What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?
oil based ink
What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?
made from wood pulp originated in China
What is a "substrate"?
Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened?
John Just, Just sued Gutenberg and received all the printing materials What was the first book he printed?Post an example of this book.
the bible
How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?
perfected script and made it easier to read, faster and cheaper, current events could be spread easier, different languages of the same book could be made
Who introduced the printing press to England?
William Caxton
What was the early form of newspapers?
news week
When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?
the boston news weekly
What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?
cast iron and steam powered
Post an example of a 1930s printing press.
By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?
papers
Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?
relief printing
Post an example of an intaglio press.
What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred?
ink is applied then rubbed with a cloth to remove access
Post an example of a screen (porous) printing press.
What is porous printing and how is ink transferred?
basic stencil process
Post an example of a lithography printing press.
What is lithography and how is ink transferred?
printing from a flat surface
Post an example of a offset lithography printing press.
What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today?
offset
How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?
many types, and it is much more precise and detailed for each specific type
Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?
partially or entirely masking colors on a lighter, usually white, background. The ink reduces the light that would otherwise be reflected. Such a model is called subtractive because inks "subtract" brightness from white.
Tuesday, March 20, 2012
The Codex and the Illuminated Manuscript | 1st century AD
Post an example of a scroll.
What were the drawbacks of the scroll?allowed only sequential usage, reader must read the text in the order it was written
Post an example of a codex.
What is a codex?
new ways to put together handwritten pages...covered and bound collection of handwritten pages...a book.
"Codex" is derived from the Latin meaning "block of wood". Why?
was compact, sturdy, and easy access
What is the difference between "sequential access" and "random access"?
one can go to any point in the book to find information..in a scroll one must go all the way through it
What were the advantages of using the codex?
open flat at any page, easier to organize in libraries since you can write the name on the spine.
What helped spread the use of the codex?
rise of Christianity and the bible utilized it
What replaced papyrus? Describe the process used to create it?the codex, or a book. made from animal skin, hair, fat, skin was smoothed out, hide was soaked in water, calcium, flour, salt added, then skin was stretched out, flattened, and dried
What is vellum?
finer qualities of parchment, skins or young crows
Name several examples of current technology that utilizes the format of the codex?
digital books such as the kindle and ipad
What led to a period of cultural and economical deterioration?
the decline of the roman empire
Post an example of an illuminated manuscript.
Who began creating books by hand, taking the creation to an art form?
monks
What does "illumination" refer to? What was included in this ornamentation?the borders, illustration and ornamentation in each text. Initials of chapters and paragraphs, paintings in margins borders, and around text.
What tool was used for creating the illuminated manuscripts?
quills
Why were these manuscripts reserved for religious purposes?
the work was laborious and hard....and was used during Christian masses
What is craftsmanship? Why is it important?
the detail and neatness of each book.
What were the drawbacks of the scroll?allowed only sequential usage, reader must read the text in the order it was written
Post an example of a codex.
What is a codex?
new ways to put together handwritten pages...covered and bound collection of handwritten pages...a book.
"Codex" is derived from the Latin meaning "block of wood". Why?
was compact, sturdy, and easy access
What is the difference between "sequential access" and "random access"?
one can go to any point in the book to find information..in a scroll one must go all the way through it
What were the advantages of using the codex?
open flat at any page, easier to organize in libraries since you can write the name on the spine.
What helped spread the use of the codex?
rise of Christianity and the bible utilized it
What replaced papyrus? Describe the process used to create it?the codex, or a book. made from animal skin, hair, fat, skin was smoothed out, hide was soaked in water, calcium, flour, salt added, then skin was stretched out, flattened, and dried
What is vellum?
finer qualities of parchment, skins or young crows
Name several examples of current technology that utilizes the format of the codex?
digital books such as the kindle and ipad
What led to a period of cultural and economical deterioration?
the decline of the roman empire
Post an example of an illuminated manuscript.
Who began creating books by hand, taking the creation to an art form?
monks
What does "illumination" refer to? What was included in this ornamentation?the borders, illustration and ornamentation in each text. Initials of chapters and paragraphs, paintings in margins borders, and around text.
What tool was used for creating the illuminated manuscripts?
quills
Why were these manuscripts reserved for religious purposes?
the work was laborious and hard....and was used during Christian masses
What is craftsmanship? Why is it important?
the detail and neatness of each book.
The Roman Alphabet | 7th century BC
What was the basis of the Roman uppercase alphabet?
variant of the greek alphabet
What were the purposes of the formal and informal styles of lettering?
formal - documents informal - letters and quicker types of writing
Why is the Roman alphabet the most widely used and what contributions did it make?
refined the art as handwriting
From where did serifs originate?
the carving of words into stone in ancient Italy
When and where did lowercase, or minuscule, letters develop?
the Romans
What is a ligature and why were they utilized?
joining two characters together
Post an example of the Roman alphabet in visual form.
variant of the greek alphabet
What were the purposes of the formal and informal styles of lettering?
formal - documents informal - letters and quicker types of writing
Why is the Roman alphabet the most widely used and what contributions did it make?
refined the art as handwriting
From where did serifs originate?
the carving of words into stone in ancient Italy
When and where did lowercase, or minuscule, letters develop?
the Romans
What is a ligature and why were they utilized?
joining two characters together
Post an example of the Roman alphabet in visual form.
The Greek Alphabet | 800 BC
How did Greeks come in contact with the Phoenicians?
trade agreements
How was the Greek adaptation of the alphabet different from its predecessor?it didn't only represent only consonants. they were adapted to represent vowels. Why is the Greek alphabet considered to be the world's first true alphabet? it had vowel sounds and consonant sounds. it had sounds that could be used all around the world. quicker, more informal style for routine types of writing.
Name several similarities and differences between the Greek and modern English alphabets?
they had letters for all the sounds not just some sounds.
Post an example of the Greek alphabet in visual form.
trade agreements
How was the Greek adaptation of the alphabet different from its predecessor?it didn't only represent only consonants. they were adapted to represent vowels. Why is the Greek alphabet considered to be the world's first true alphabet? it had vowel sounds and consonant sounds. it had sounds that could be used all around the world. quicker, more informal style for routine types of writing.
Name several similarities and differences between the Greek and modern English alphabets?
they had letters for all the sounds not just some sounds.
Post an example of the Greek alphabet in visual form.
The Phoenician Alphabet | 1050 BC
The Phoenician alphabet is based on what principle?
one sign represents one spoken word
Describe the shape of the letters and what tool created them?
angular and straight, left to right
What two reasons made the Phoenician alphabet so successful?
not as complicated and the trading culture of the Phoenician merchants spread the use of the alphabet
What long term effects on the social structures of civilizations did the Phoenicians have with the creation of their alphabet?its simplicity allowed it to be used in multiple languages and common people learned how to write. the characters were very simple.
Post an example of the Phoenician alphabet in visual form.
one sign represents one spoken word
Describe the shape of the letters and what tool created them?
angular and straight, left to right
What two reasons made the Phoenician alphabet so successful?
not as complicated and the trading culture of the Phoenician merchants spread the use of the alphabet
What long term effects on the social structures of civilizations did the Phoenicians have with the creation of their alphabet?its simplicity allowed it to be used in multiple languages and common people learned how to write. the characters were very simple.
Post an example of the Phoenician alphabet in visual form.
Tuesday, March 13, 2012
#3 Hieroglyphics
In the sixth century BC, what three civilizations invaded Egypt?
-Persians, greeks, romansPost an example of the inside wall(s) of an Ancient Egyptian temple.
What was discovered on the inside of the temples?
-carved and painted images on every wall ad surface
Scholars believe that Ancient Egyptians were inspired and influenced by which written language?
-combination of logographics and alphabetic elements
What is the difference between logographic and alphabetic elements?
-logograms are visual symbols representing ideas or objects,
The term Hieroglyphic derived from what two Greek words?
-hiero means sacred and glyphic means engraving or writing
What is a scribe?
-reading and writing
Who else was trained to read and write? Why?
-military leaders so they could communicate while in battlePost an example of hieroglyphics on papyrus.
What is papyrus and how was it made?
-substrate made from reeds native to egypt, wet reeds are placed criss cross over each other flattened and dried then rubbed with flat stones until the surface becomes smooth
What is a substrate?
What were the Books of the Dead?
commissioned by users themselves before death
How did Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics become a forgotten language?
used under persian rule,over time those who could read and write hieroglypics disappeared until no one knew how to decipher the languagePost an example of the Rosetta Stone.
What is the Rosetta Stone? Where was it discovered?
What three languages are included on the stone?
egyptian hieroglyohics, demotic and greek
Why couldn't the text on the Stone be deciphered?
a chunk of the stone was missing and none of the texts were complete
Who finally deciphered the text? What was his breakthrough?
britains found it out and have it in museums
Why does the interpretation of the Rosetta Stone have such significance?
referred to king ptolemy v elephants at the time of his coronation around 196 bc
-Persians, greeks, romansPost an example of the inside wall(s) of an Ancient Egyptian temple.
What was discovered on the inside of the temples?
-carved and painted images on every wall ad surface
Scholars believe that Ancient Egyptians were inspired and influenced by which written language?
-combination of logographics and alphabetic elements
What is the difference between logographic and alphabetic elements?
-logograms are visual symbols representing ideas or objects,
The term Hieroglyphic derived from what two Greek words?
-hiero means sacred and glyphic means engraving or writing
What is a scribe?
-reading and writing
Who else was trained to read and write? Why?
-military leaders so they could communicate while in battlePost an example of hieroglyphics on papyrus.
What is papyrus and how was it made?
-substrate made from reeds native to egypt, wet reeds are placed criss cross over each other flattened and dried then rubbed with flat stones until the surface becomes smooth
What is a substrate?
What were the Books of the Dead?
commissioned by users themselves before death
How did Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics become a forgotten language?
used under persian rule,over time those who could read and write hieroglypics disappeared until no one knew how to decipher the languagePost an example of the Rosetta Stone.
What is the Rosetta Stone? Where was it discovered?
What three languages are included on the stone?
egyptian hieroglyohics, demotic and greek
Why couldn't the text on the Stone be deciphered?
a chunk of the stone was missing and none of the texts were complete
Who finally deciphered the text? What was his breakthrough?
britains found it out and have it in museums
Why does the interpretation of the Rosetta Stone have such significance?
referred to king ptolemy v elephants at the time of his coronation around 196 bc
Monday, March 5, 2012
A15 Inspiration and Research
This one was interesting because the initial cap is large and decorative and the font is complimented by it.
I like this one because the text is arranged uniquely and the colors are very eye catching.
This initial cap was interesting because there are pictures incorporated with it.
Using the song "Mary Jane's Last Dance" by Tom Petty
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)