Review Week 12

How can you, as the designer, use principles of design to help compose a page?

Principles help add new aspects to a design. One principle that can help add to a design  would be balance because it helps draw the eye to important aspects of a design and allows contrast to take place without being to overpowering.

What are the principles of design (define each in your own words)?
Balance is applying symmetry to a design. Proportion relates to how items fit into a design based on their size. Rhythm emphasizes similarities in certain aspects of the design throughout. Emphasis puts a "spotlight" on certain parts of a design. Unity ties together the whole design.

Stephen Kroninger

What kind of art/design does he produce?
Abnormal, creative, unproportional art.In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?
Museum of Modern Art
Post 2 samples of his art. Answer the following questions for each piece...
Was this piece published? Where?

What principles of design were utilized within the piece? How?

What elements of design were utilized?

Review Week 13

For each of the 8 principles of design, find an example that utilizes the principle within the design. You should have 8 DIFFERENT sample designs. For each, discuss how the particular principle is used.

Also, answer the following questions in your own words.
How do you add a layer mask to a particular layer?

What two colors are used to create the mask? white and black

Describe the process of using a layer mask?

Andy Warhol

Within what art genre did Warhol work?

Popart

Define the genre?

Taking a regular picture of someone or something and adding irregular bright colors to it in place of its natural colors.

During what years was he alive?

1892-1972

Post 2 samples of his art. Answer the following questions for each piece.

Podcast #4 Typography

Define typography?

The art of expressing ideas through the selection of appropriate typefaces

Where did the word "typography" originate from?

typo is greek word for form, graphy is writing

What does typography involve?

Words making objects

What is a typeface?

Distinctive designs of visual symbols that are used to compose a printed image/design

What is another term for typeface?

fonts

What is a character?

Individual symbols that make up a typeface

What is type style?

Letters numerals and punctuation marks

What does type style "create" within a design?

Bold, italic, condensed, roman and heavy

What is the waist line and what does it indicate?

Imaginary line drawn at the middle of the characters

What is a base line and what does it indicate?

Imaginary line drawn at the bottom of the characters

What is an ascender?

The part of the character that extends above the waistline

What is a descender?

Part of the character that extends below the base line

Describe a serif?

Smaller line used to finish off a main stroke of a letter, usually at the top and bottom of a character

How can the size of the typeface be identified?

The point size will measure from top to bottom

What is a point?

smallest unit of measure

How many points are in an inch?

72 points in an inch

What is a pica and how many are in an inch?

another unit of measure, 6 picas in an inch

How many points are in a pica?

12 points

What is body type and where can it be found?

magazines, newspapers, 4pt to 12pt

What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type?

make sure its readable

What is display type and how is it used?

Type sizes above 12pt. these sizes are used to draw attention to a message

What is reverse type and when would it be used?

Consists of white type on a solid black of darker color background and if the text is too small, reverse type an be difficult on the reader’s eye and display type is necessary

What is a typeface classification?

A basic system for classifying typefaces was devised in the 19^th century when printers sought to identify a heritage for their own craft

When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?

The 1400s and used with inventions of the printing press

Describer the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface?

Resemble the calligraphy of the time and are highly ornamental with elaborate think to thin strokes

When was Old Style invented and what was it based on?

Based on ancient Roman inscriptions and created to replace Blackletter typefaces

Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?

Forms made with flexible brushes or pens and have varied strokes reminiscent of handwriting

When were formal scripts developed?

Formal scripts developed from formal writings of 17^th and 18^th century handwriting masters. They will lend a formal quality to a composition

When were casual scripts developed?

Developed in the 20^th century

Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?

Should not be used as small body text too difficult to read

When was Modern typefaces developed and why?

Developed late 18^th and 19^th centuries as a radical break from traditional typography of the time

Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?

Have sharp contrast b/t thick and thin strokes and have thin flat serifs

How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?

Italian renaissance return to old style made the sans serif classification obsolete in the 20^th century

When did they become popular?

1920s

What does "sans serif" mean?

Without serifs

Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface?

It has a uniform line wright and thicker square serifs

When was Slab Serif developed and why?

19^th century and mainly used for advertising purposes

Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface?

Uniform line weight and thicker square serifs

Describe Decorative typefaces?

Includes a variety of typefaces and are typically those that don’t belong to other classifications

Why were they developed?

Incorporate pictures of objects, animals, ect into the character design

What are they best used for?

They are best used for larger point sizes or display type

Podcast #3 Principles of Design

Define principles of design?

 are concepts used to arrange the structural elements of a composition.What do the principles of design affect?

 affects the expressive content, or the message, of the work.What is the principle of repetition?

  is repeating some aspect or element of the desighn throughout the entire document.
Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience?

  works with patterns to make a composition seem active. repeating desighn elements helps the viewer navigate through the pieceWhat are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?  bold font, thick line, certain bullet, color, design elements, particular format, and spatial relationship
What should you avoid when working with repetition? it is important not to repeat so much that it becomes annoying or overwhelming.
What is the principle of proportion/scale? refer to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a design
What is the most universal standard of measure when judging size? is the human body
How can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter? unusual or unexpected scale can be used as an attention getter.
What is the principle of balance? distribution of heavey and light elements on the page.
Which kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater? irregular shapes bear greater weight than regular shapes.
What is another name for symmetrical balance? formal balance
Define symmetrical balance? occurs when the weight of a composition is evenly distributed around a central vertical or horizontal axis.
What is another name for asymmetrical balance? informal balance
Define asymmetrical balance? accurs when the weight of a composition is not evenly distibuted around the axis.
What is the principle of emphasis? is the stressing of a particular are of focus rather than the maze of details of equal importance
What happens to a design that has no focus? nothing stands out. the effective use of emphasis calls attention to important areas.
What is a focal point and how is it created? is the area where the eye tends to go first, the focal point is created by making one element dominant with all other areas contributing but subordinate.
How many components of a composition can be a focal point? no more than one component
What ways can emphasis be created in a design? contrasting yje primary elements with 5 subordinate, by sudden change in: Direction, size, shape, texture, color, tone, line.
What is the principle of unity? is the "wholeness" of composition.
What three ways can unity be obtained?put objects close to one another, the viewers eye is forced to move from one to the next inevitably taking in the entire composition;make things similar using similar textures, colors, or shapes tends to visually connect the parts of a composition;direct vision by a line that travels around the design. this line can be a true line or id can be suggested.
What is the principle of variety? pertains to differences and diversity, its what makes a work of art interesting.
What ways can a designer add variety to a design?
 Why is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety? an artist can vary textures, color, and shapes, and alter their contrast, tone, and intensity.
What is figure? A form, silhouette, or shape is naturally perceived as figure, Its the part of a composition that we pay attention to.
What is another name for figure? positive space
What is ground? the surrounding area around figure
What is another name for ground? negative space
When a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean? will depend on the abstract relationship between visual elements. the serounding area around figure is groung its the negative space of a design.
Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole? or the image will only be parally designed.

What is the principle of rhythm? continuity, recurrence or organized movement in space and time.
How is rhythm achieved?
through the orderly repetition of any element, line, shape, value (tone), texture.
What three ways can rhythm occur in a design?when intervals between the elements, and often the elements themselves are similar in size or length;with a more organic, flowing, sence of  movement;A sequence of shapes through a progression of steps.
How does rhythm help a composition/design? can help deliver the message by controlling the viewers eye movement, can also add "life" and interaction to an otherwise inanimate page layout.
What is the principle of contrast? occurs when two related elements are different.
How can contracan st help a design? draw the viewers eye into the piece and help guide the veiwer through it.
What is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design? to much contrat can be confusing, to much similarity becomes monotonous and boring.
What is the key to working with contrast? is to makes sure the differences are abvious.
What are some common ways of creating contrast?
by creating differences in: size, value, color, type, texture, shape, alignment, direction, and movement

Review Week 9

Compare and contrast vector graphics and pixel images.
Vector graphics are made of points that form a path while pixel images are made up of tiny squares called pixels. 
What resolution is necessary to print raster images?
300

What resolution is necessary to display raster images on the internet?72 and contrast vector graphics and pixel images.

Review Week 3

What is OSHA? What do the letters stand for? 

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. OSHA basically fights for fair working conditions in the workplace.

How can graphic designers effectively communicate? In your own words, explain the communication process. Graphic designers communicate through pictures and text. They use the combination of the two to get their message across to the audience.

Understanding the history, culture and movements of fine and graphic arts will make you a better producer of visual messages. Why? 

You can understand how the art of graphic design was created, why certain pieces of art were created by knowing the background of the time period, and the message created by the designer. 

Review Week 8

Why must designers pay close attention to how color is utilized within a composition?

Why is the color wheel an important tool for graphic designers?

Find an example of neutral colors utilized within a design (hint: google poster design). Near the sample, discuss why you feel the designer included neutral colors within the composition.

Briefly describe how we "see" the color of an object?

Who is Steve Jobs?
He was co-fouder the company Apple and owned 7% of Walt Disney.

What company was he CEO for many years?
He was CEO of Apple.

What did he do for the computer industry?
He revolutionized the computer and technology world. He created the Ipod, Ipad and Macintosh computers. They are all now widely used in just about any field of work as well as education.

How did this man impact the graphic design industry?

With the invention of Mac computers, graphic designers were able to work with more artist-friendly programs and overall allow new designs to be possible.

Podcast #2 Color Theory

The right use of color can do what?

It can relax the body, minimize fatigue, and maximize productivity.

Within the electromagnetic spectrum, which waves allow us to see color?
Visible light waves allow us to see color.

Describe white light?
Equal parts of all colors in the visible spectrum.

How do we see color if objects "have no color of their own"?
It is the colors that are reflected that we see.

What is a glass prism?
A transparent triangular object that splits white light into all the colors we see.

What seven colors result when white light is refracted through a prism?
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

Describe hue?
Refers to the color itself.

When does white light occur?
It happens when all the colors are reflected.

When does black light occur?
It happens when all the colors are absorbed.

How color is perceived depends on what?
The type of light it is seen in.

What is a color wheel?
It is all color schemes such as primary, secondary, and tertiary in corresponding lines on a circle.

What are primary colors? Name them?
They are colors that cannot be made. Red, blue, and yellow.

What are secondary colors? Name them?
They are two primary colors mixed together. Green, orange, and purple.

What are tertiary colors? Name them?
They are a primary and secondary color mixed together. Red-orange, red-violet, blue-green, yellow-green, yellow-orange, blue-violet.

What are neutral colors? How can they be created?
Neutral colors have low saturation.

How can a neutral color help a design?
To put the focus on other colors or tone down certain colors.

What are complementary colors? Name them?
The are colors directly across from each other on the color wheel. Red and green, orange and blue, and yellow and violet.

What is color value?
Lightness or darkness of a hue.

What is a shade?
A shade is a darker value of a color.

What is a tint?
A tint is a lighter value of a color.

What is saturation/intensity?
Refers to the brightness of a color.

What happens when you mix complementary colors together?
The result is a neutral color.

Describe color harmony?
It engages the viewer, creates a sense of order, and is pleasing to the eye.

What is a color scheme?
Harmonious color combinations and are based on the color wheel.

Describe a monochromatic color scheme?
All shades and tints of one color only in a design.

Describe an analogous color scheme?
It is 3 colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel. One hue is the main color

Describe a complementary color scheme?
High contrast compositions call for complementary color scheme.

Describe a split-complementary color scheme?
1 color and 2 adjacent colors to its complement.

Describe a triadic color scheme?
Uses 3 colors equally spaced on the color wheel, it offers balance.

What colors are considered to be warm colors?
Red, orange, and yellow.

Describe a warm color scheme?
Expresses danger, excitement, and bold. They give illusion of closeness.

What colors are considered to be cool colors?
Blue, purple, and green.

Describe a cool color scheme?
They are soothing, comfort, and don't overpower. They appear further away

Why is important to consider which colors are being used within a design?

It conveys the right message or tone, and sets the correct emotional response.